The environmental quality of water, soil, and air is increasingly degraded, making it essential to enhance pollution prevention through environmental monitoring. Several methods exist for monitoring environmental quality, with a particular focus on biological approaches. Biological methods evaluate environmental health by analyzing the presence of diverse species, such as bacteria, virus, insects, plants, and fish, as indicators. Microbial biosensors are capable of detecting substances in the environment due to the specific biological reactions of microorganisms or their components. The growing emphasis on sustainable development and environmental conservation has fuelled interest in biomonitoring as a proactive approach to managing pollution. Furthermore, technologies such as bioinformatics and genetic engineering enable the way for designing highly sophisticated and efficient microbial biosensors capable of detecting environmental pollutants with greater precision and sensitivity.
Biosensor, pollutants, enzyme, transducer and bioluminescence
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