Acid lime is an important fruit crop in Tamil Nadu, extensively cultivated in several parts. Grown across diverse soils, including heavy clays, it is sensitive to frost, waterlogging, and prolonged wet spells. The area under cultivation has expanded due to rising demand and regional adaptability. Despite this, productivity remains inconsistent due to biotic and abiotic stresses, suboptimal orchard practices, and poor-quality planting materials. Addressing these challenges through improved varieties, integrated nutrient and pest management, and disease-free nursery techniques is crucial for enhancing sustainable acid lime production in the state.
Growing worldwide food demand calls for sustainable agricultural advances. This article examines how microbial technology and biochemical remedies are revolutionizing current agriculture. Biostimulants, biopesticides, and biofertilizers improve soil fertility, insect control, and stress tolerance while lowering reliance on artificial agrochemicals. Through biochemical processes like osmolyte buildup, antioxidant defense, and RNA interference, genetically modified (GM) crops further promote resistance and productivity. Better yields, input efficiency, and environmental sustainability are demonstrated by Syngenta, Bayer, IFFCO, and Cargill's practical applications. However, widespread adoption is hampered by financial considerations, legal limitations, and low awareness. Along with circular bioeconomy models, future directions include CRISPR gene editing, microbial consortia, and AI-powered precision farming. Together, these developments present a possible route to agribusiness that is profitable, climate-resilient, and sustainable.
