Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the most important cereal crops globally and holds significant economic and nutritional value. It has been a cornerstone of human civilization, tracing its origins to the Fertile Crescent and evolving through centuries of cultivation and breeding. This paper examines the evolutionary journey and domestication of wheat, highlighting its transformation from wild grasses to modern cultivated varieties. Special attention is given to the historical and cultural significance of wheat in India, where it is the second most important cereal crop after rice. The Green Revolution marked a pivotal era in Indian wheat production, leading to significant yield improvements. Currently, wheat research in India focuses on addressing challenges such as climate change, disease resistance, and nutritional enhancement. By exploring these facets, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of wheat's evolution, domestication, and its current status in India, underscoring the crop's vital role in the nation's food security and agricultural landscape.
Wheat, Evolution, Present Research, Status in India
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